Biography of King Henry III

Henry VIII : To whom was royal genealogy more important?

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King Henry III

The number to the left of each child (e.g. "+4") indicates the total number of children for that person.

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Family Name:

Plantagenet

Given Names:

Henry

Titles:

King of England (1216 - 1272)

Born:

10 Oct 1206
Winchester, Hampshire, England

Died:

16 Nov 1272
Bury St. Edmunds, Suffolk, England
(Age 66, Natural Causes)

English/Scottish Royal Blood: 100% [?]

Buried:

Westminster Abbey, London, England

Father:

King John

24 Dec 1166 - 19 Oct 1216

Mother:

Isabel of Angouleme (2nd wife of King John)

1186 - 31 May 1246

Marriage:

Eleanor of Provence (wife of King Henry III)

1222 - 24 Jun 1291

Date: 14 Jan 1236

His Age: 29

Her Age: 14

Place: Canterbury, Kent, England

Offspring:

+20

King Edward I (Hammer of the Scots)

17 Jun 1239 - 7 Jul 1307

Margaret Plantagenet (1st wife of Alexander III of Scotland)

29 Sep 1240 - 26 Feb 1275

Beatrice Plantagenet (daughter of King Henry III)

25 Jun 1242 - 24 Mar 1275

Edmund Plantagenet, 1st Earl of Lancaster (Crouchback)

16 Jan 1246 - 5 Jun 1296

Richard Plantagenet (son of King Henry III)

About 1247 - Before 1256

John Plantagenet (son of King Henry III)

About 1250 - Before 1256

Katherine Plantagenet (daughter of King Henry III)

25 Nov 1253 - 3 May 1257

Henry Plantagenet (son of King Henry III)

Unknown birth/death dates

William Plantagenet (son of King Henry III)

? - 1256

Events:

Accession to English throne

19 Oct 1216

Unknown place

Coronation

28 Oct 1216

Gloucester Cathedral, Gloucestershire, England

Coronation

17 May 1220

Westminster Abbey, London, England

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Notes:

In the latter part of his reign, King Henry was styled as, "Rex Angliae, Dominus Hiberniae, et Dux Aquitaniae," conspicuously leaving off the "Dux Normaniae" of his predecessors.

Henry was crowned by Peter des Roches, Bishop of Winchester, and again by Stephen Langton, Archbishop of Canterbury.

Henry had a droopy eye, which appears to be a genetic trait of some of the Plantagenets; his son, Edward I, inherited it.

For Henry's wedding, he wore cloth of gold, which had recently been invented.

When his son Edward was born, Henry extorted so many presents from the London merchants that one said, "God gave us this child, but the king sells him to us."

Henry's zoo at the Tower of London was one of the most advanced in Europe. One of his favourite animals was a lion, a gift from Louis IX of France. A letter the King sent to sheriffs of London read, "We bid you to cause William, the keeper of our lion, to have 14s, which he spent on buying chains and other things for the use of the said lion." Henry also appreciated other gifts. Emperor Frederick II sent him three leopards in 1235 in token of his royal shield of arms, wherein three leopards were pictured. In 1252, the king of Norway gave Henry a white bear. In 1255, Louis IX exceded the sensation he had made with the lion by presenting an elephant, which lived for three years. It was buried in the Tower grounds, only to be exhumed so that its bones could be sent to the sacristan of Westminster. The menagerie existed into the 18th century. When he visited it in 1731, Emperor Francis I played with a four-month old lion cub, picking it up and pulling its whiskers. Parts of the Lion Tower and the Lion Gate can still be seen at the Tower of London.

Although Henry is remembered as a mostly ineffectual ruler, even his critics concede that he was a great builder-king. His most ambitious construction project was rebuilding Westminster Abbey, an undertaking he financed from his private funds. Although exceptionally pious for a medieval ruler, he may also have been motivated by competition with his brother-in-law Louis IX of France (St. Louis) and his beautiful Sainte-Chapelle, the stained glass chapel Louis was building at the time that Henry was planning the Abbey.

Among the improvements Henry made to the Tower of London was the installation of the most advanced privies of the day. He wrote to his clerk of works in 1245 complaining that the facility in his rooms "smelled badly", and ordered it to be replaced "even though it should cost one hundred pounds."

According to some sources, Henry died at Westminster Palace.

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